Will the pilot be aware that he's in abnormal Law? (and the portents of that)" The answer might well be:[COLOR=SlateGray][I] "Probably not" (there's nothing to promote awareness of this being the case i.e. no aural annunciation - and thus we arrive at: what now needs to be done that's essential for recovery?)
AH no??? The PF announces Alternate Law when he takes manual control of the aircraft. It is in one of the first lines in the BEA communication !!!
2. "Does the elevator alone have sufficient authority to unstall the wings at max power or at idle?" The answer is probably not, at least not while the superior trim authority of the THS at 13 degs n/up holds sway.... and particularly not whilst at TOGA power.
In ALT LAW with AP an AT off there is virtually no Stall protection left. The THS goes where the pilot wants it to go. It simply responded to the pitch-up inputs by the pilot to 'help' him go where he wants. Had he made pitch-down inputs afterwards it would simply have gone in the other way, although it would take a continuous pitch-down input for some time.