PPRuNe Forums - View Single Post - AF 447 Search to resume (part2)
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Old 27th May 2011, 10:36
  #2532 (permalink)  
lomapaseo
 
Join Date: Mar 2002
Location: Florida
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I'm not a fan of getting into redesign concepts for complex aircraft systems since it encourages the sciolists among us to up their post count.

A little history

When most of the current aircraft and engine systems were designed there was little knowledge of the occurence of ice crystals at altitudes sufficent to block probes or mess up systems. Thus the design and cert standards were caught by surprise when incidents began to occur on multiple designs.

Intially these incidents appeared minor in nature and/or confined to only a few product designs. But as more and more flights flew over weather more incidents appeared and on wider ranges of products and some of them were not easily accomodated by the system (crew actions, computer or fadec actions, etc.) itself so the results appeared to more seriously affect safety of flight.

The problem typically manifested itself in the small probes and there affect on the sytem itself. The heat in the probe itself anticipates icing and the need to melt it as it forms, however these ice crytals at altitude were much mure numerous in quantity and lower in temperature. The result was that as they befgin to impact on the heated surfaces and melt they are unable to slip off the surface before themselves being impacted by still colder crystals and the net effect slush begins to insulate the heat from reaching the latter impacting crystals until finally the windage effect (flow) sheds the blob of the heated surface. In some cases in engines, the blob itself causes FOD while in other cases the engine control system is fooled and the engine loses power.

The effect on aircraft Pitot systems has been well discussed for a hundred pages or so in this thread.

OK, enough data is now available to now define the encounter conditions and effects and as long as these encounters can not be avoided the probe designs and/or the systems that they attach need to accomodate the possible encounter.

There are lots of engineers and scientists involved with this advanced knowledge so I tend to skip over posters in this section that believe that they have a better way. On the other hand discussions of how existing systems works is interesting reading.
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