syseng68k; Sad really, but it's surprising how much of that early work is still relevant today. The history of electronics and computing can be a rich source of ideas for modern day designs. For example, embedded systems with very limited resources. You probably know this, but if you want to be astounded, take the lid off an early electromechanical inertial nav system. It's doubtfull if there are many engineers left in the world now who have the multidisciplinary skill set to even start to design such a system... Modern work is dependent on all that early work, which is why it is still relevant but no longer taught. Pity how new engineers are poorly grounded in the broad aspects of their craft. It's like my business - recently trained practitioners can't make a diagnosis in the basis of conversing with a patient - they need the imaging technology. Cheers, K PS - I could probably still write a RTOS in 16K of machine code.