Re your questions: IMHO, these are all intermixed within what I know as naturalistic decision making (recognition {situation} primed decision making).
The critical issue was that the overall situation was understood; not that there was just a loss of thrust, but normal ‘safe’ alternatives did not exist. Thus, the chosen course of action was a ‘knowledge’ based solution; the solution had to be devised.
This ability undoubtedly came from experience; not particularly CRM experience, but that of life, the world, aviation, etc. Its how an experienced pilot thinks and behaves which is important; plus a long career where what was experienced had been retained (memory), being familiar with gliding, awareness of time, and controlling surprise (experience/memory recall).
John, I sense that you wish to use the A320 Hudson accident as an example; I urge caution.
Whilst it is good to use positive (successful) events as examples, the few notable events in aviation are unique and possibly atypical in respect to the situation / context, even though the human behavior is excellent. The important aspects for future operations are how the behavior was generated, and can it be reproduced by other people; these aspects are rarely answered in unique example situations – “I just did what was natural”: realms of subconscious behavior?
There should be many examples from every day ‘successes’ where particular aspects of behavior can be identified and discussed.
Expert Decision-Making in Naturalistic Environments
http://dspace.dsto.defence.gov.au/ds...TO-GD-0429.pdf
Uncertainty, stakes, and Time in pilot decision making
Publications: Recognition / Metacognition Model
Taking stock of naturalistic decision making
http://www.ise.ncsu.edu/nsf_itr/794B..._2001_JBDM.pdf
Expert Performance
Expertise
Thinking Skills
School of Education at Johns Hopkins University-Components
http://proceedings.informingscience....4/050maqso.pdf
Time Critical Decision Making Models
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source...k3YQFg&cad=rja