I reckon it doesn't depend on countries.
It depends on whether there is a SID from said runway or not.
If there is a SID, then the "track" is obvious : follow the SID.
If there is no SID, we (in France) use "multidirectional" departures.
"
Multidirectional departure" : after take-off, climb on runway centerline up to published height (1000' AGL, where I worked), turn according to departure clearance.
This turn can be either a heading, or a direct to a VOR, or a fix to join a published SID from another runway/field.
they do not do the track, just heading,because they think controllers can only issue the heading.
A radar vector can be issued to follow a "track"(which I understand as being a "radial").
In this case, my phraseo would be : "Turn right
heading xxx to intercept and follow
radial yyy
from VOR".
Controllers can issue a heading in order to get a "track" (radial from VOR).
I seem to remember the heading should be at least 20-30° right or left of the radial in order to get a frank turn/interception (same as glide interception, or so).
Hope it helps.
