PA,
When you say at approach thrust settings, Vref is thrust 0, which is the SOP setting that you are talking about? There is the FOQUA...
For obstacle protection, its best to look at the different standards. There is the Part 77 surfaces and the ICAO stds, and if the aerodrome is certified.
This means that the agency is active in surveying and maintaining the obstacle surfaces.
The various P77 surfaces range from 2%, 2.9% and 5% in various distances and configs from the runway endpoints. There is also the blanket requirement for all structures over 200' tall to be submitted to the FAA for eval, but this is little enforced.
What is interesting is the P77 looks at the approach surface, but little for the missed.
NOAA source
To be clear, that diagram from the other post is from 8260.52, RNP....illustrating one method to avoid an obstacle by raising CG. Getting this approved is virtually impossible.
A better diagram is the figure 4.2, which the basic MA OCS.