LVPs are used for two purposes.
First to ensure safety on the ground.....ie. procedures to separate aircraft from other aircraft and vehicles when they cannot see each other; second to protect the integrity of ILS transmissions particularly when Cat ll or Cat lll approaches/landings are being made.
Therefore any airfield can have special procedures in low visibility conditions. The airfield may not need to protect the ILS (ie. it is does not have Cat ll/lll facilities) but it will still need to prevent collisions.
Instrumented RVR measurement is as a general principle only required for ILS Cat ll/lll operations. It is optional for Cat l and in its absence the human observer method remains acceptable.
Low visibility procedures can include a wide variety of matters again dependant on the size/complexity of the airfield and on the ILS Category. They involve the use of additional agl; standby power arrangements; closing/locking access routes which may be acceptable in good visibility but not in low visibility; more use of surface movement radar; limiting vehicle movements on the manoeuvring area; use of more than one person in any vehicle operating on runways; use of particula runway entry/exit points; closing runways/taxiways; enhanced states of readiness of the RFFS; RFFS search procedures; increased intervals between aircraft movements etc etc.
At larger aerodromes, the design and implementation of LVPs is generally the domain of the airport operations department. The actual LVPs being contained within the Aerodrome Manual and Local ATC Instructions.
Generic information on UK LVPs can be found in CAP 168, CAP493, CAP642 Etc.