If you are a national, there are opportunities in the country where you are from. If you have a parent working for one of the airlines, similarly, there are nepotism opportunities. I believe Etihad Airways has a cadet scheme, seen some photos of people who did not look like they would be Emiratis but I am not sure on what the entry requirements are for this undoubtably highly attractive opportunity. I have also seen a flying school advertising for instructors in Saudi Arabia, but otherwise, the market is competitive and airlines are able to benefit from the very liberal immigration laws to bring in qualified people from all over the globe, with pay scales that attract them.