Yes .. seeking a measure of ability to withstand turbulance per metric tonne total mass. Basically how good you got the strength/mass ratio...how good a designer you are.
Ah, that's a very different question, and one that is not easy to answer because the larger (heavier) the aircraft the more likely it is designed by manoeuvre loads rather than gust loads, because as you say heavier aircraft are less affected by turbulence.
To complicate life a little more, the bottom skins are designed by fatigue or damage tolerance considerations, so the metric tonnes of wing weight are set by how good you are at designing for these as much or more than by pure static strength.
And I will say that traditionally Boeing have been very good at it
