IATA is a commercial organisation which have nothing to do with operations and flight safety even they presenting themselves in this way too. So there are 2-letter IATA designators assigned to non-airlines, and I recall there are some designators assigned to non-aviation companies.
What is more bizzare there ICAO 3-letter codes issued to organisations which never had AOC.
p.s. came to my mind - a landing which ended wheels up with no engine probelms involved
UTair Flight 471 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia