- One can act as safety pilot only when the other is doing IR currency or practice beyone Dual required instructional IR time!?
- The Safety pilot can log those hours only as PIC VFR not intrument!?
- The safety pilot does not log the landings. he just leaves that column blank.
- Can safety pilot log cross-country time or no not at all. even if the other one is flying simulated IFR cross country flight?
- And you need to log less than the total flight time since you are not doing the T/O and Landing, then how do you show the time you enter the actual times of starting and stoping or you put the times you started as when the other one goes under hood?
- Or you can still log it even if it's cross country if you don't ATPL and can be considred time builting toward ATP.
Given that you're looking for input regarding all jurisdictions, I can speak to FAA regulation only.
A) One can act as safety pilot any time. How you define "safety pilot" and the purpose thereof, is another matter. Under 14 CFR 91.109(b), a safety pilot is required during simulated instrument flight, in order to supplement the pilots ability (or lack thereof) in conducting a visual traffic scan.
A safety pilot is not required at other times.
B) What the safety pilot can log really depends on the agreement of the crewmembers, and who is acting as pilot in command, as well as the type of aircraft in use.
Assuming for the moment a single-engine piston airplane not requiring a type rating, and which requires only one crewmember (Cessna 172, for example), then logging time as safety pilot is subjective.
You need to understand the difference between acting as pilot in command, and logging pilot in command time. Logging is not the same as actually being pilot in command.
A safety pilot who is not acting as pilot in command may log SIC time, but not PIC time for the duration of the flight. If the flight is operated in instrument conditions, the safety pilot may log instrument time, as may the pilot manipulating the flight controls, because instrument flight refers to conditions of flight. The same for cross country. Personally, I don't log cross country.
A safety pilot who is acting as pilot in command may log PIC as the pilot in command of an aircraft requiring more than one crewmember, in accordance with 14 CFR 61.51(e)(iii).
Whether the safety pilot is PIC or not has no bearing on whether he or she can log instrument or cross country time.
C) The safety pilot should not log landings, unless he or she performs them.
D) Again, the safety pilot can log the flight as cross country if desired. Remember that if not acting as PIC, the safety pilot is a second in command.
This brings up another issue; many won't recognize this time as SIC, and frankly many won't recognize time spent as pilot in command, when acting as a safety pilot. This is particularly true of employers, who will sneer at the concept. It's legal to do so; it's legal to log the time as described here, but whether it's recognized by insurance carriers, employers, and others, is another matter entirely. Logging PIC when you're not really the PIC, or logging SIC in an aircraft that doesn't require a SIC (per certification) can make you look bad. Use caution.
E) You do not necessarily need to log less flight time than total time, but the circumstances will dictate what you must or can do.
If you're acting as PIC but are the non-flying pilot, you're PIC for the duration of the flight. However, being PIC doesn't entitle you to log the time, except in the case of 61.51(e)(iii). If the other pilot removes his view limiting device (hood), a safety pilot is no longer required. Unless you begin to manipulate the controls and can log time as sole manipulator of the controls (51.51(e)(i)), then you can't log the time. You're also no longer the PIC of an aircraft requiring more than one crewmember.
If you're acting as SIC and the person under the hood is the legal pilot in command, then once the hood comes off, you're no longer required as SIC (safety pilot), and cannot log the time as PIC or SIC.
If the pilot manipulating the controls and wearing the view limiting device enters instrument conditions, you're still required because he or she is still operating by reference to instruments and using a view limiting device, regardless of the conditions external to the airplane. See and avoid is always the rule, IFR or VFR, IMC or VMC, and thus the safety pilot is still required. So long as you're acting as safety pilot, you continue to log the time accordingly (as PIC or SIC, depending on your status on the flight).
F) Holding an ATP has no bearing on the subject at all.