From a EU airline, A320
1) Combination of by-heart and ECAM
2) With A/P engaged normally by PF, but may be ordered. Without A/P normally by PNF, but may be self-set.
3) Set according applicable minimum on approach chart
4) Normally CLB or OPEN CLB mode, equals speed mode. Low V/S recomended in high traffic areas to avoid TCAS RAs
5) G/A altitude when on glideslope or past FAF and below G/A altitude.
6) basically 50-50 sharing of flight time, CPT takeoff required if visibility below 400m. Otherwise handover of controls when setting takeoff thrust. (Only flight controls, thrustlevers and takeoff abortion always done by CPT)
7) When depends on approach type and available / required NAVaids. Who? See 2)
8) Normally when reverse stowed and at taxispeed. Exceptions allowed at CPTs discretion.
9) Standard with thrust reduction at 1500' AGL, local exceptions may apply.
10) Normally originals, two sets available on flightdeck.