To add:
It will reject the pilot's command to pull say seven g's.
where:
Vst = stall speed
Vs = stall speed of the aircraft in straight, level flight
n = load factor
So for a stall speed of 100 kts you get
Vst = 100 * sqr7 = 100 * 2,65 = 265 kts
So yanking 7g will not only break the wings off of any airliner, you'll most likely stall it and hit that mountain.
As explained above by 320driver to maintain alpha max will give you the maximum of achievable lift over the entire escape manouver.
That is also the reason, why the bank angle is limited to 66 degrees - flying a level, 66deg bank turn will result in 2.5g => which is the max gforce for which an airliner has to be designed for.
Nic