Airlines have to assure that their crews are properly trained and checked. To run through all non-normal conditions as per the appropriate checklists AND provide adequate training it will take a couple of days every year in the simulator, let's talk about a week minimum.
Beside the simulator there is also a ground refresher of the systems, CRM, fire training and some other topics, again at least a week.
To put this all in one year, you can employ several extra crew to cover only for the training / checking of operating crew.
To make this all a bit more feasible, the individual authorities have established a system or rules and recurrent training requirements. Airlines have to follow these rules to assure the a.m. training / checking in the prescribed way; they do this with the training / checking syllabi you are looking for. These docs are usually prepared and issued by the training department and cover a two years period. This will ensure that mandatory items are checked on a 6-monthly / 12-monthly / 24-monthly basis as the law requires.
Doubtful if you will ever find one guideline for these docs as the basis are the many orders, laws, rules the individual authorities have issued, all put together in a workable scenario called syllabus. The guidelines are these laws or whatever they are called.
You may have to approach individual training departments and have them answer your question on how they compiled their docs.....good luck for that.