I would certainly agree that the question is badly worded. This probably stems from langauge differences between the various JAR states. A question originally drafted in Portugese, then translated into english by a frenchman, is likely to exhibit a few problems?
Your use of the following expression;
Travel precession is synonym for transport precession = (LongitudeB
- LongitudeA) * sin(mean lattitude)
is a good example of langauge differences. The equation is OK but I have never heard the term "Travel pecession" before. Although the use of the term is quite logical. Most UK Texts would use the term "Transport Wander".
Your use of the term:
Earth rate drift is synonym for apparent wander = (15°/h)*sin(mean lattitude)
is also unusual. Again the equation is OK, but most UK texts would group Transport Wander and Earth Rate Wander as two parts of Apparent Wander.
If we consider there to be two types of wander:
REAL WANDER
Which as its name indicates is real. This is caused by manufacturing imperfections in the gyro.
APPARENT WANDER
This is not real, but appears to take place because of rotation of the Earth and movement of the gyro across the surface of the Earth.
The only argument that I can offer in support of the quoted answer to the final question is that if we take "transpolar" to mean up one meridian and over the pole to the anti-meridian without any gradual change of longitude, then only Earth rate will occur as a gradual process throughout the trip. There will be no Transport wander while the longitude isn't changing, but there will of course be an instantaneous change as we go over the pole.