Another trick to try and solve automatic update issues is:
Go to Control Panel -> Services
Stop the Automatic Updates service
Navigate to c: \windows\SoftwareDistribution
Delete everything inside that location
Start the Automatic Updates service
This basically has the effect of clearing out the downloaded updates and resetting the database of installed updates. Hence when you restart the service the database and associated file structures are recreated, and Windows re-evaluates the need to download and install relevant patches.