I think you've missed the point slightly.
In the EU, deregulation has effectively removed controls on intra-EU routes. Routes from EU countries to non-EU countries are often still the subject of bi-lateral agreements between governements - ie the market has not been opened. hence the need for seperate agreements, arrangements or licencing for these routes.
This is changing - the biggest example being US - EU - but not all countries subscribe to the unbridled, free market ideal either for economic or political reasons. fairness is not an issue in business or politics
MD