Don't know what you mean about causation. I'm saying it is wrong to say "Force causes a mass to accelerate". Force IS the acceleration of a mass. Thus, the acceleration of a mass IS force. If you have one, you can calculate the other. If my aircraft is accelerating, there is force. If I know my Mass, I can derive my Force.
As to the problem:-
Trick question perhaps?
Are you at the pole or the equator?
Assuming you are at the Equator:-
F=MV^2/R
= 80*465^2/6 378 000
= 2.7N
Normally, you weigh 80 kg ( at the equator) = 784N
Twice the rotational speed, you weigh 781.3N
If the Earth stopped, 786.7
See Eötvös effect.
Indeed, what would be the cause of my weighing anything at all in any of these scenarios?
Are we sticking to Newton, or bringing Einstein in off the bench?
Newton- because Masses attract each other.
Einstein- Because Mass causes Space/Tme to curve.
Interesting discusstion, but please don't keep me in suspence if I'm missing something.