Definition: A threat is an external event or third party that; increases operational complexity, occurs outside the influence of the flight crew, requirs immediate crew attention to maintain safety.
Definition: An error is an action or inaction by flight crew that leads to deviations from organisational or flight crew intentions or expectations.
Source: GAPAN TEM Course 2007.
TEM is utter bull**** and exists soley to provide psychologists some kind of paying employment.
Or alternatively TEM is another way of viewing what happens in the operational environment and explains the error chain by defining the steps along the way.
