NOTAMs can be issued at any time. There is no schedule. Even in-flight you may be confronted with the effects of a NOTAM that was only issued after you took off.
Usually, if there are significant and urgent things that require a NOTAM to be issued and take effect immediately, the ATC unit you are monitoring/speaking to will also announce it.
And for instance the NOTAMs about airspace closures due to VA are typically issued only about three hours in advance, and updated almost continuously as the situation develops.
But most routine NOTAMs however seem to be published at least some three days in advance.