I dont know why you are drowning in an inch of water Iomapaseo. Its dead simple. The country that falls below ICAO minimum standards in NAV, ATC, engineering maintenance, crewing etc loses its ICAO membership. Member airlines are then penalised for flying into the offending country so that it becomes uneconomical for them to even pick up cheap fuel. Thats how economic sanctions work right? I understand that some standards are hard to monitor and enforce, but at least the offending countries would not be given an easy ride of making a mockery of safety and there will be a need to even "be seen to improve safety". Who knows, it may even grow to be a genuine effort.