Brooksjg
1. Is there a problem with ash in engines? Yes, there is. GE plan to keep each engine on-wing for 5 years. Ash ingestion may reduce this time.
The question should have been "at what density and type of ash is engine engine damage likely
2. What happens? In particular, turbine cooling holes get blocked and damage is likely to be cumulative.
What happens if any pollutant ash or otherwise blocks these apertures? and again at what density is there likely to be a problem.
3. What about designs and / or materials that would avoid the problem? Aware of nothing in immediate future and maybe nothing long term.
Hang on I need to consult Mystic Meg for an answer
All I can say reading your quoted questions above IF TRUE is thank God such a bunch of idiots are not dictating aviation policy.
Pace