From the ICAO website :
"However, the current level of incident reporting and data sharing is judged to be
insufficient, and the limited application of a “Just Culture” that is conducive to the reporting and analysis
of aviation safety occurrences is a contributing factor. A “Just Culture” is one in which “frontline staff are
not punished for actions, omissions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their
experience and training, but where gross negligence, wilful violations and destructive acts are not
tolerated.”