The maximum landing weight is the lower weight found by taking the following into account;
1. Structural Limitation
2. LDA
3. Balked Climb Gradient (WAT) -All Engines
4. Approach Climb Gradient (WAT) - OEI
5. Missed Approach Procedure minimum Gradient - OEI
Landing Weight + Burn = Max Take-off weight restricted by Landing weight. -
Quite common on large(ish) aircraft flying short sectors between big airports.
i.e. performance wise it may be possible to get airborne at a weight that requires more than the scheduled flight burn to reduce the weight to the maximum for landing.
Very costly and embarassing to have to orbit for an hour burning fuel to reduce the mass enought to land.
Edit to add that there is of course also a minimum landing weight i.e. weight with diversion fuel and final reserve remaining onboard.