Leadsled
As required by treaty, US MOAs beyond the 12 mile limit are "Warning" areas, because the US (or any other country, including Australia) does not have the power to restrict aircraft in international waters (except "Australian" aircraft, if Australian regulations so dictate).
That just doesn't make sense. How can Australia restrict any aircraft, Australian reg or not, if it has no powers beyond 12nm?
ICAO signatories do have the "power" to restrict/limit/control aircraft over international waters. It is a cornerstone of why ICAO exists. However, the US military is not a
civil organisation, and therefor do not comply/adhere to/subject themselves to such control
when it suits them. What they do in other places looks a lot more like what happens in Australia re; exclusive airspace, rather than what they do at home!
Anyway, quite a drift from topic (although related).