Climb gradient after engine failure
Hi,
I am not familiar with these stuffs, I hope these questions don't seem stupid.
a)Are climb gradient requirements for aircraft certification or requirements that an operator should comply? or both?
b)Where these numbers (2.4%, 2.7%, 3.0%, …) came from? : Are these empirical numbers or just as a consensus or decision made by certain aviation authorities or administrations (like FAA, ICAO,…)?
Just to make it clear: for example why the climb gradient for the second segment is 2.4% and not 1.2% (twin) or for example why the second segment is usually the most limiting than the third or the fourth?
c) If a turn is required after engine failure during takeoff, does this affect aircraft performance (more/less altitude loss than usual or small/big radius than usual?) depending on the turn into the inoperative engine or into the operative engine (assume it is a twin)?
Feedback appreciated
Regards