Re “does the pilot know if it is appropriate to 'recover', or merely to 'avoid'”.
The emphasis of my text was that the indication would only require avoidance - perhaps a subsequent nose drop or roll asymmetry would indicate a stall.
I do not know what specific procedures are recommended for an alert level, but I would suspect a small nose down pitch adjustment and application of power.
AFAIK the ‘alert’ is audio only.