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Old 2nd Aug 2009, 20:42
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AirRabbit
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: Southeast USA
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Generally, I agree with all that Capt Turbo has said – but I would add the following … every airplane lands from the level flight attitude for the established configuration – supersonic fighters, light general airplanes, transport category airplanes from the smallest to the largest, regardless of the manufacturer. In other words if you were to level off at a height of 3 to 4 feet above the runway (that should be about 1 foot in a Cessna 152) and maintain that height all the way down the runway – without climbing or descending and without accelerating or decelerating (airspeed approximately 1.10 to 1.50 Vs for the existing configuration in ground effect) – you would have been at the proper attitude to land. It is THIS attitude that you should reach at the end of your flare – and your height above the runway should be down close to the runway – of course the higher you are when reaching this attitude, the longer you’ll take to get the wheels on the surface … not too good, particularly on shorter runways.

The other thing is that you should most assuredly have the throttle(s) at idle when the mains contact the surface – where you start to retard those throttles and how quickly you do it depends a lot on technique and individual airplane characteristics. Generally, if you cross the threshold at the proper height, at the proper speed, and begin a very gradual throttle reduction at that point – rotate to the proper flare attitude, taking no more than 3 seconds to reach that level flight attitude (3 – 4 feet) from the time you begin the flare, getting there at a speed of 1.10 to 1.50 Vs – continuing to retard the throttles – hold the airplane in that flared attitude for no more than 3 seconds, making sure the throttles hit the idle stop at touchdown – you will have made the “perfect” landing (contrary to those “know-it-alls” to say perfect landings don’t exist). This procedure will allow you to land at the proper distance down the runway, at the proper attitude, with sufficient airspeed to maintain directional control until you get the nose on the ground. I won’t tell you it will be the “grease job” landing everyone thinks is the mark of a good landing. No. It will be somewhat firm – but not at all unpleasant – and it works with headwind, tailwind, crosswind, light weights, heavy weights, and with any flap configuration. You’ll have enough vertical force to put the wheels on the runway – through any precipitation activity, but not so hard that the little old lady in 2A will have a coronary. However, it does take some knowledge of level flight attitudes at those conditions and some practice to achieve the proper attitude at the proper speed. Try it the next time you have a simulator session - and let us know how it works out.
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