There is no INHIBIT feature but many warnings & indications are inhibited at various times, usually near the ground. Here is a non-exclusive list:
PSEU indications are inhibited from when the thrust levers are stood up for T/O until 30secs after landing.
Icing advisory lights are inhibited on the ground.
The ELEC light is inhibited in-flight
Max cont EGT limit indication turning amber is inhibited during t/o & go-around for 5/10 minutes.
Blinking oil filter bypass ind is inhibited on takeoff from 80kts to 400ft/30secs and also on landing.
Lots of speed tape stuff eg min manoeuvre speed, approach AoA, stick shake speed all inhibited on T/O.
Fuel IMBAL warning inhibited on ground
Descend RAs below 1100ft / any RAs below 1000ft
TCAS voice alerts below 500ft
Re Is there a "mother-lode" of Boeing documentation somewhere which tells us why each feature was designed and what improvements were made in its operation between the -200 to the NG.?. You wont get this from Boeing, however the genealogy and development of the 737 is a speciality of mine, you can find my work on the net and in print.