2. The government would impose a minimum price stipulation on key routes. Example: St. Petersburg - London tickets cannot be cheaper than 200 euro
I wasn't talking about taxes. When foreign airlines operate to/from Russia the government makes them promise never to charge less than "X" amount on route "Y". For example foreign airlines operating London to Moscow cannot offer fares less than a certain amount (sorry, I don't know the exact amount). But this policy is thereby protecting Aeroflot, and while it exists is likely to discourage Ryanair. (That's if they were ever interested or in a position to enter the Russian market in the first place).