Having flown some russian a/c (okay, not airliners, but they wouldn't be different) I can say with 100% certainity - NO, the pedals work exactly the same. The only thing that works opposite is the Attitude indicator (fixed horizon, moving a/c) and some types of gyro compass - fixed (but adjustable by pilot) card and moving airplane symbol. This gives enough trouble, so adding opposite rudder to that would be an overkill
