Some UK aircraft "of a certain age" use a lever or catch on the control column to control the brakes, with the position of the rudder pedals determining which side wheel the brakes were applied to.
Spitfire, Hurricane and Lightning i think were all fitted with this (although I am prepared to stand corrected!)
As far as Airliners (Including all 737 variants), I can't think of any that have a different system to the split rudder pedal/brake pedal as described above. The only other thing to Add is that aircraft generally have another brake lever that locks off the system, this is used for parking, and imaginatively called the Parking brake!
Matty
(Everything you wanted to know about brake pedals, but were afraid to ask!)