LowNSlow, without being able to quote a reference I think you are mistaken in saying that Oboe was the first nav aid and gave rise to Gee.. .. .I believe it was the other way around.. .Gee was introduced first in the hope that it would be accurate enough for use as a blind bombing aid. It wasn't, but was still much better than anything used before.. .. .However, despite that it was an excellent accurate nav aid for both outbound and inbound legs.. .. .It was this inaccuracy as a blind bombing aid that led to the development and introduction of Oboe.. .. .Incidently, the Germans could and did jam it when they found out about it, but only at their end. Thus it could be still be used for a fair way outbound and was invaluble for guiding the aircraft home on their way back.. . . . <small>[ 06 March 2002, 03:07: Message edited by: henry crun ]</small>