PPRuNe Forums - View Single Post - France accuses UK military of war crimes.
Old 29th Oct 2008, 10:27
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Wensleydale
 
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The parallels between Agincourt and Towton are interesting - however do not hold much water. Agincourt was essentially an archer's battle. If you place archers to fire in enfilade at an approaching enemy (as happened at Agincourt - each archer advancing then planting his stake) then it is natural for the attacking force to bunch together away from the arrow storm. This caused a press in the middle of the group, and the men at arms in the middle of the press died of suffocation (similar to Hillsborough football match). This led to heaps of bodies in channels along the axis of the battlefield - these could be up to the height of a man as victims struggled to escape the arrows. The English followed up by killing all in the press following the archers' initial volleys - the long thin "debollocker" dagger being a suitable method of dispatch. as the English infantry ran in barefoot to avoid slipping on the wet ground.

At Towton, both sides possessed archers who closed to start the battle. The Yorkist archers under Warwick's half borother, Lord Faulkenberg, had the advantage of the wind behind and sleet blowing into the Lancastrians' faces. This enabled them to use heavier close quarter arrows. The Lancastrians, blinded by the sleet misjudged the range and shot short. The Yorkists then advanced and returned the Lancastrians arrows for them.

This phase battle was unusual - mostly both sides appreciated the devastating effects of archers and closed rapidly to nullify the effect. Thereafter Towton was characterised by a slugging match that lasted for many hours following the initial short arrow exchange. This ended when the Duke of Norfolk reinforced the Yorkist right and the Lancastrian battle collapsed leading to panic and a mass route where many thousands were killed.

The excavation of the burial pits at Towton Hall reveal death caused by injuries most probably caused during this route. It is interesting that some victims show the possible signs of mutilation before death (ears cut off).

(PS. My Father still lives in the area local to Towton - I used to be in the same class at school with the son of the Landlord of the Pub in Towton so I have come to know the battle quite well). It is a shame that Sheakspeare was wriyting for the Granddaughter of a Lancastrian usurper to the throne (Henry VII) and that the superb generalship of Edward Earl of March (later Edward IV) has been underestimated by future generations. His military prowess was certainly eaqual to - if not better than - Henry V and Edward III.

Sorry - off thread!
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