You title the thread "big economic problems", yet dont even mention the real big costs.
eg Fuel tax. People generally pay their petrol tax because of some vague notion about paying for roads. Why does the govt tax aviation fuel to such an extent? To pay for the sky? What would be so bad about paying NO TAX on avgas? Most avgas is consumed in what amounts to essential infrastructure.
Then there are the factory outlets with runways, essential services that make profits etc etc.
Something else that has always puzzled me; who generates the changes that subsequently become "worlds best practice"? Why are some things done in the US "worlds best practice" yet other things "inefficient"? (the US mil has mil ATC, govt run ANSP etc). Who gets to be the arbiter on what things get called what?