Phew here goes!
Interesting exercise Halibut in 25 words or less???
Radar bounces pulsed radio waves off objects and times the return. The result is displayed on a Cathode ray tube as an image
Wings are structures that have an convex shape on the top surface over which air passes and is made to accelerate, this causes a drop in air pressure over the surface which causes the surface to be lifted.
Piston Engines are reciprocating air pumps into which fuel is introduced and ignited by spark plugs then burnt to increase the total energy. This process is not continuous and has to work in a cycle intake, compress, combustion (power), exhaust. The amount of air allowed into the engine determines the amount air/fuel burnt and power produced. Hence the term throttle. Throttle the engine reduce the air and power and vice versa. Instead of energy being required to turn it, it turns itself with enough excess power available to hopefully drive a propellor. The propellor is itself a rotating wing, see above, and the lift it produces pulls the aircraft along.
Turbine engines use the principle od action reaction and are rotary air pumps, the compressors, into which fuel is introduced, a combustion chamber to increase the energy of the air which is then passed through a divergent duct which accelerates it and increases the velocity. This process is continuous and does not require spark plugs except to start. This invokes Newtons Third Law of motion ie. action/reaction and produces thrust, that is it pushes the engine forward.
In a jet engine it is the compressors that do the actual work the turbines are there to drive the compressors. It gets a bit more complicated when a compressor is made big enough at the front of the engine and outside of the main gas path they are then known as Fans which are like shrouded propellors except they produce thrust not lift by accelerating the air to the rear.
In a turboprop the turbines drive the propellor (they produce lift see wing above) with whatever energy is left used as thrust.
There is many times more air produced in a turbine than is actually used for combustion, some of which is used for cooling but mostly there to be accelerated for thrust.
GPS I suppose more than 10 years.
Thats as simple as I can make it anyone else want have a go, correct, refine etc.