In the US, airport lighting is controlled by AC No.: 150/5340-30C , Design and Installation Details for Airport Visual Aids
Runway Centerline Lighting.
(1) Location. The runway centerline lights are located along the runway centerline at 50 foot (15 m) longitudinal intervals per Figure 33. The line of runway centerline lights may be uniformly offset laterally to the same side of the physical runway centerline a maximum of 2.5 feet (0.8 m) measured from the physical runway centerline to the fixture centerline.
Taxiway Centerline Lighting
Longitudinal and Lateral Spacing. ... Displace centerline lights laterally a maximum of 2 feet (0.6 m) (to the nearest edge of the fixture) to avoid rigid pavement joints and to ease painting the centerline marking.
But, we have seen where some airports don't always do it this way, and there is some text in the AC about if this is for a new runway or not. We have had to call different airports to find out where they lights are at, just to get our visual models correct for some of the NSP staff. IMO, wasting lots of time (read $$$) for something that most pilots could not tell you.