In the Airbus 320 family, as compressor stall said, you should keep the flaps at 1 to avoid "AIR L(R) WING LEAK" message on ECAM.
There is another scenario you shouldn't retract the flaps, and that is when the approach was made under icing conditions or, if the runway was contaminated with slush or snow.
In this case you should taxi with landing configuration (normally flaps full) to the gate, shut down the engines, and have the flaps/slats area inspected by ground personnel. If there is no ice obstructing the area, you may retract the slats/flaps normally.
Don't know if there is a specific procedure for Boeing aircraft though...
Antunes