You should try the search on this site first, many of your questioned have been asked before..., but you must use terms greater than three letters [in aviation]
....but if you still at a loss of course--well you know ask---
I'm only saying this because there's so much great material on those topics throughout here written by all sorts of experts
---believe me I can stay on for three hrs/day and still not---scratch the surface---
Posters, such as John Tullarmarine[moderator],...Mad (Flt)Scientist,..Mutt,..and Old Smokey have written A veritable Texbook,..you should try their names if you have difficulty searching---but you do have good questions and it is very good that you want to stay informed of these very important topics especially if you're planning/ or are in on a professional Career...becuase I've been very recently surprised how little attention those concepts receive in pilot training--and it manifest itself as individual test pilot theories that are very very dangerous!!!
PA