Cavitation in itself does not cause a problem unless there is failure of the components themselves as a result of it, or unless the effects of cavittion causes a significant degradation of performance.
Cavitation however is a symptom of a choking of flow on the inlet of a pump, or the entrainment of air.
An example of cavitation could be the addition of a lighter solvent in the fuel which vaporises at a lower temperature than the bulk of the fuel. The suction pressure of the pump could cause the vaporisation of the additive and so cause vapourisation. The report does not report fuel contamination so this can be ruled out.
Another example of cavitation is when a restriction which is on the discharge side of the pump is suddenly taken away - the suction flow just cannot keep up, the pressure drops and cavitation occurs.
At this point I still go for: failed seals due to low temperature, then regaining flexibility on loss of altitude, then entraining air and causing foaming.