Aussie military don't get licences either. However, passing pilots' course and a subsequent operational conversion gives you training deemed to be equivalent to a CPL (A) or (H) as applicable which you can apply to CASA for and be issued on payment of the required fees.
Instrument and instructor ratings don't transfer directly, but flying hours and experience are counted. For example, if you were a military instructor, you would be exempt the course of training required by a civilian pilot wanting an instructor rating (as you've already done a course recognised to cover the requirements) and would only need to do a flight test to be awarded the rating.
Have a hunt through the regs at casa.gov.au; there are some that cover what you're asking about.