The three pointer on true bearing from the station of an NDB referenced to the aircraft RMI, where you had to find the constant of the cone (n) between the standard parallels. Nasty IMHO, not helped by the fact that they stuck it in near the end (in the 40's?) Got it wrong at 258 deg true! God damn it....grrrrrrrrrrr!
Oh and Q3 - the earth's minor and major axis??!?! Come again guvnor?