It is in fact a trick question.
It assumes the reader believes that the speed of the wheels is in anyway related to an aircraft's ability to move forward. Of course it isn't, its the thrust generated by the engines that move an aircraft forward and has nothing to do with the speed the wheels are rotating (providing the brakes are not applied of course).
The aircraft will accelerate in a forward direction and will take off normally.
The fact that the runway/conveyor is trying to maintain a speed proportional to the speed of the wheels albeit in the opposite direction is immaterial. all that this means is that the conveyor belt will accelerate exponentially.
Providing the wheels can rotate fast enough and not disintegrate then it will have little or no effect. If the take off speed was 220 Kts then at take off the conveyor will be running at 220 Kts in the opposite direction and the wheels will be running at 440 kts.
Hope that helps.