'Normal' Mercator has few aeronautical uses theses days, except perhaps in tropical regions (within about 10 degrees of the equator).
Transverse Mercator used for mapping countries with relatively large N/S versus E/W extent, such as UK. Also used for some polar charts.
Oblique Mercator used for specific great circle routes and for mapping "long, thin" counties that are not oriented N/S such as Italy.
Lambert widely used in many aplications except in polar regions.
Polar stereo - in polar regions.
BobC