In principle a scanner should receive both the aircraft and ground transmissions on an aeroplane, although you'd have to have the antenna very close to a window. I have communicated by amateur radio with flight crews on several ocasions when they have been using handheld gear on the flight deck - on one occasion as I was driving to work along the M4 and the aircraft was above me approaching Heathrow!
Whether it would be a good idea to use a scanner on an aeroplane would be open to debate and you would need professional advice. The vast majority of such gear is very cheaply produced and may well produce undesirable RF intereference.