(a)
how far off centreline can we expect the aircraft to deviate even with maximum rudder input, or can we expect to happily track the centreline? There will always be a deviation .. however, it only becomes significant/difficult as the V1 gets down near Vmcg. For V1 well above Vmcg, the centreline deviation should be minimal if the pilot is alert and competently trained. (excluding some of the older aircraft for which it is always interesting ...)
(b) Crosswind from the same side as the failure is destabilising, from the other side, stabilising .. ie the problems mount up in the former case.
(c)
And when airborne and climbing away, you would have a heap of left rudder
.. due to "lights on but nobody home" syndrome, the next comment was written with AEO in mind .. which is not relevant to the OEI discussion .. left so that the following posts make sense ..
Why would you want to fly with rudder in during the initial climb ? .. at least after the head patting, tummy rubbing antics appropriate to the rotation flare ..
(d)
I found a PPruNe link to an FAA Avisory Circular but couldn't see any relevent information
.. or perhaps it's not all that relevant to FAR 23 .. have a look at
FAR 25.149(e).