The living conditions run the spectrum from third-world conditions (no running water or electricity) to metropolitan (Anchorage).
It depends on where you work. Conditions are slowly improving in the bush.
I'm not too familiar with all of the immigration law and work rules because I'm a US citizen, but all of the same rules apply in Alaska as they do in the 48 contiguous states.
As for weather: Today in ANC it's sunny and 68F (19C). That's about as warm as it'll get all summer. In the interior (Fairbanks) it could be as hot as 90F (30C).
Winters are kind of the same: The interior will see the extreme cold -40F (-40C) and the coastal areas will be more mild.
And of course summer has long days (20 hours in ANC, 3 months in Barrow). And just the opposite in winter.
Take care.