Unlike the JAA system there is no requirement to have instructional experience to hold a CFI/MEI/CFII.
All of these can be done (and are often done) back to back. Assuming you have the aeronautical experience and currency requirements, then your instructor can sign you off for any of these checkrides when he thinks your ready.
I wouldnt be able to give you accurate figures on the other questions you have. Sorry, Im currently working away from home and hence my libary too ! Its all in the FAR/AIM though, get a copy from a pilot shop online.
IM sure some of our counterparts across the atlantic will contribute soon though !
