JAA Exercise Number

[212man]

The answer is in FCL-2 Part 2 (IEM and AMC). To expand on The Controller's post see below. (BTW, don't you cover FCL-2 as part of the groundschool?

Exercise 1a Familiarisation with the helicopter
– characteristics of the helicopter, external features
– cockpit layout
– systems
– check lists, procedures, controls

Exercise 1b Emergency procedures
– action in the event of fire on the ground and in the air
– engine, cabin and electrical system fire
– systems failures
– escape drills, location and use of emergency equipment and exits

Exercise 2 Preparation for and action after flight
– flight authorisation and helicopter acceptance
– serviceability documents
– equipment required, maps, etc.
– external checks
– internal checks
– seat, harness and flight controls adjustments
– starting and warm up checks clutch engagement, starting rotors
– power checks
– running down system checks and switching off the engine
– parking, security and picketing
– completion of authorisation sheet and serviceability documents

Exercise 3 Air experience
– to introduce the student to rotary wing flight
– flight exercise

Exercise 4 Effects of controls
– function of flight controls, primary and secondary effect
– effect of airspeed
– effect of power changes (torque)
– effect of yaw(sideslip)
– effect of disc loading (bank and flare)
– effect on controls of selecting hydraulics on/off
– effect of control friction
– instruments
– use of carburettor heat/anti-icing control

Exercise 5 Power and attitude changes
– relationship between cyclic control position, disc attitude, fuselage attitude, airspeed
– flapback
– power required diagram in relation to airspeed
– power and airspeed changes in level flight
– use of instruments for precision
– engine and airspeed limitations

Exercise 6a Straight and level
– at normal cruising power, attaining and maintaining straight and level flight
– control in pitch, including use of control friction and/or trim
– maintaining direction and balance, (ball/yawstring use)
– setting power for selected airspeeds/speed changes
– use of instruments for precision

Exercise 6b Climbing
– optimum climb speed, best angle/rate of climb from power required diagram
– initiation, maintaining the normal and maximum rate of climb, levelling off
– levelling off at selected altitudes/heights
– use of instruments for precision

Exercise 6c Descending
– optimum descent speed, best angle/rate of descent from power required diagram
– initiation, maintaining and levelling off
– levelling off at selected altitudes/heights
– descent (including effect of power and airspeed)
– use of instruments for precision

Exercise 6d Turning
– initiation and maintaining medium level turns
– resuming straight flight
– altitude, bank and co-ordination
– climbing and descending turns and effect on rate of climb/descent
– turns onto selected headings, use of gyro heading indicator and compass
– use of instruments for precision

Exercise 7 Basic autorotation
– safety checks, verbal warning, lookout
– entry, development and characteristics
– control of airspeed and RRPM, rotor and engine limitations
– effect of AUM, IAS, disc loading, G forces and density altitude
– re-engagement and go around procedures (throttle over-ride/ERPM control)
– vortex condition during recovery
– gentle/medium turns in autorotation
– demonstration of variable flare simulated engine off landing

Exercise 8a Hovering
– demonstrate hover I.G.E, importance of wind effect and attitude, ground cushion, stability in
the hover, effects of over controlling
– student holding cyclic stick only
– student handling collective lever (and throttle) only
– student handling collective lever, (throttle) and pedals
– student handling all controls
– demonstration of ground effect
– demonstration of wind effect
– demonstrate gentle forward running touchdown
– specific hazards e.g. snow, dust, litter

Exercise 8b Hover taxiing, spot turns
– revise hovering
– precise ground speed/height control
– effect of wind direction on helicopter attitude and control margin
– control, co-ordination during spot turns
– carefully introduce gentle forward running touchdown

Exercise 8C Hovering, taxiing emergencies
– revise hovering and gentle forward running touchdown, explain (demonstrate where
applicable) effect of hydraulics failure in the hover
– demonstrate simulated engine failure in the hover and hover taxi
– demonstrate dangers of mishandling and over-pitching

Exercise 9 Take-off and landing
– pre-take off checks/drills
– lookout
– lifting to hover
– after take-off checks
– danger of horizontal movement near ground
– danger of mishandling and overpitching
– landing (without sideways or backwards movement)
– after landing checks/drills
– take-off and landing cross wind, downwind

Exercise 10 Transitions from hover to climb and approach to hover
– lookout
– revise take-off and landing
– ground effect, translational lift and its effects
– flapback and its effects
– effect of wind speed/direction during transitions from/to the hover
– the constant angle approach
– demonstration of variable flare simulated engine off landing

Exercise 11a Circuit, approach and landing
– revise transitions from hover to climb and approach to hover
– circuit procedures, downwind, base leg
– approach and landing with power
– pre landing checks
– effect of wind on approach and I.G.E. hover
– crosswind approach and landing
– go around
– noise abatement procedures

Exercise 11b Steep and limited power approaches and landings
– revise the constant angle approach
– the steep approach (explain danger of high sink rate and low air speed)
– limited power approach (explain danger of high speed at touch down)
– use of the ground effect
– variable flare simulated engine off landing

Exercise 11c Emergency procedures
– abandoned take-off
– missed approach/go-around
– hydraulic OFF landing, (if applicable)
– tail rotor control or tail rotor drive failure (briefing only)
– simulated emergencies in the circuit to include:
– hydraulics failure
– simulated engine failure on take-off, cross wind, downwind and baseleg
– governor failure

Exercise 12 First solo
– instructor’s briefing, observation of flight and debriefing
– warn of change of attitude from reduced and laterally displaced weight
– warn of low tail, low skid/wheel during hover, landing
– warn of dangers of loss of RRPM and overpitching
– pre take-off checks
– into wind take-off
– procedures during and after take-off
– normal circuit, approaches and landings
– action in the event of an Emergency

Exercise 13 Sideways and backwards hover manoeuvring
– manoeuvring sideways flight heading into wind
– manoeuvring backwards flight heading into wind
– combination of sideways and backwards manoeuvring
– manoeuvring sideways and backwards, heading out of wind
– stability, weathercocking
– recovery from backwards manoeuvring, (pitch nose down)
– groundspeed limitations for sideways and backwards manoeuvring

Exercise 14 Spot turns
– revise hovering into wind and downwind
– turn on spot through 360Ί:
– around pilots position
– around tail rotor
– around helicopter geometric centre
– square, safe visibility clearing turn
– rotor RPM control, torque effect, cyclic limiting stops due to C of G position and wind
speed/direction

Exercise 15 Hover out of ground effect (OGE), vortex ring
– establishing hover O.G.E
– drift/height/power control
– demonstration of incipient stage of vortex ring, recognition and recovery (from a safe
altitude)
– loss of tail rotor effectiveness

Exercise 16 Simulated engine off landings (EOL)
– the effect of weight, disc loading, density attitude, RRPM decay
– revise basic autorotation entry
– optimum use of cyclic and collective to control speed/RRPM
– variable flare simulated EOL
– demonstrate constant attitude simulated EOL
– demonstrate simulated EOL from hover/hover taxi
– demonstrate simulated EOL from transition and low level

Exercise 17 Advanced autorotation
– over a selected point at various height and speed
– revise basic autorotation - note ground distance covered
– range autorotation
– low speed autorotation
– constant attitude autorotation (terminate at safe altitude)
– ‘S’ turns
– turns through 180° and 360°
– effects on angles of descent, IAS, RRPM and effect of AUM

Exercise 18 Practice forced landings
– procedure and choice of the forced landing area
– forced landing checks and crash action
– re-engagement and go-around procedures

Exercise 19 Steep turns
– steep (level) turns (30° bank)
– maximum rate turns (45° bank if possible)
– steep autorotative turns
– faults in the turn - balance, attitude, bank and co-ordination
– RRPM control, disc loading
– vibration and control feedback
– effect of wind at low level

Exercise 20 Transitions
– revise ground effect, translational lift, flapback
– maintaining constant height, (20-30 feet AGL):
– transition from hover to minimum 50 knots IAS and back to hover
– demonstrate effect of wind

Exercise 21 Quickstops
– use of power and controls
– effect of wind
– quickstops into wind
– quickstops from crosswind and downwind terminating into wind
– danger of vortex ring
– danger of high disc loading

Exercise 22a Navigation
Flight planning
– weather forecast and actuals
– map selection and preparation and use
– choice of route
– controlled airspace, danger and prohibited areas
– safety altitudes and noise abatement considerations
– calculations
– magnetic heading(s) and time(s) en-route
– fuel consumption
– mass and balance
– flight information
– NOTAMs etc
– radio frequencies
– selection of alternate landing sites
– helicopter documentation
– notification of the flight
– pre-flight administrative procedures
– flight plan form (where appropriate)
Departure
– organisation of cockpit workload
– departure procedures
– altimeter settings
– ATC liaison in controlled/regulated airspace
– setting heading procedure
– noting of ETAs
– maintenance of height/altitude and heading
– revisions of ETA and heading
– 10Ί line, double track and track error, closing angle
– 1 in 60 rule
– amending an ETA
– log keeping
– use of radio
– use of navaids [(if fitted)]
– minimum weather conditions for continuation of flight
– in-flight decisions
– transiting controlled/regulated airspace
– uncertainty of position procedure
– lost procedure
Arrival, aerodrome joining procedure
– ATC liaison in controlled/regulated airspace
– altimeter setting
– entering the traffic pattern
– circuit procedures
– parking
– security of helicopter
– refuelling
– closing of flight plan, (if appropriate)
– post-flight administrative procedures

Exercise 22b Navigation problems at low heights and in reduced visibility
– actions prior to descending
– hazards (e.g. obstacles, other aircraft)
– difficulties of map reading
– effects of wind and turbulence
– avoidance of noise sensitive areas
– joining the circuit
– bad weather circuit and landing
– [appropriate procedures and choice of landing area]

Exercise 22c Radio navigation
– Use of VHF Omni Range
– availability, AIP, frequencies
– selection and identification
– omni bearing selector (OMB)
– to/from indications, orientation
– course deviation indicator (CDI)
– determination of radial
– intercepting and maintaining a radial
– VOR passage
– obtaining a fix from two VORs
– use of automatic direction finding equipment (ADF)/non directional beacons (NDBs)
– availability, AIP, frequencies
– selection and identification
– orientation relative to the beacon
– homing
– use of VHF direction finding (VHF/DF)
– availability, AIP, frequencies
– RTF procedures and ATC liaison
– obtaining a QDM and homing
– use of en-route/terminal radar
– availability, AIP
– procedures and ATC liaison
– pilots responsibilities
– secondary surveillance radar [(if transponder fitted)]
– transponders
– code selection
– interrogation and reply
– use of distance measuring equipment (DME)
– station selection and identification
– modes of operation
– distance, groundspeed, time to run

Exercise 23 Advanced take-off, landings, transitions
– landing and take-off out of wind (performance reduction)
– ground effect, translational lift and directional stability variation when out of wind
– downwind transitions
– vertical takeoff over obstacles
– reconnaissance of landing site
– running landing
– zero speed landing
– cross wind and downwind landings
– steep approach
– go-around

Exercise 24 Sloping ground
– limitations, assessing slope angle
– wind and slope relationship - blade and control stops
– effect of C of G when on slope
– ground effect on slope, power required
– right skid up slope
– left skid up slope
– nose up slope
– avoidance of dynamic roll over, dangers soft ground and sideways movement on touchdown
– danger of striking main/tail rotor by harsh control movement near ground

Exercise 25 Limited power
– take-off power check
– vertical take-off over obstacles
– in flight power check
– running landing
– zero speed landing
– approach to low hover
– approach to hover
– approach to hover OGE
– steep approach
– go-around

Exercise 26 Confined areas
– landing capability, performance assessment
– locating landing site, assessing wind speed/direction
– reconnaissance of landing site
– select markers
– select direction and type of approach
– circuit
– approach to committed point and go around
– approach
– clearing turn
– landing
– power check, performance assessment in and out of ground effect
– normal take-off to best angle of climb speed
– vertical take-off from hover

Exercise 27 Basic instrument flight
– physiological sensations
– instrument appreciation
– attitude instrument flight
– instrument scan
– instrument limitations
– basic manoeuvres
– straight and level at various airspeeds and configurations
– climbing and descending
– standard rate turns, climbing and descending, onto selected headings
– recoveries from climbing and descending turns
– recoveries from unusual attitudes

Exercise 28a Night flying (if night qualification required)
– pre-flight inspection using torch, pan lights, etc.
– take-off (no sideways or backwards manoeuvring)
– hover taxi (higher and slower than by day)
– transition to climb
– level flight
– approach and transition to hover
– landing
– autorotation
– practice forced landing (with flares if appropriate - simulated)
– night Emergencies (e.g. failure of lights, etc.)

Exercise 28b Night cross country (if night qualification required)
– nav principles as for day cross country
– map marking (highlighting built up areas with thicker lines, etc.)