John Smith,
Some of the questions you are asking are answered as follows:
Q1. Hours are factored depending on destiantion. Short distances (UK & AMS) 0.8, Medium distances (most destinations) 1.2 and Long destinations (ATH) 1.5 per sector.
Q2. -
Q3. Expect to fly between 20-60 sectors, depending on what routes you get on your roster and how many standby call-outs you've had. Usually 2-4 sectors per day, depending on destinations. F/O's seem to be rostered to fly about 50-60 hours average per month, Captains up to 90.
Q4. Looking at the rolling year, I've got 424 sectors flown, so 420 is a good average guess.
Q5. Working week is varied, roster changes getting less by the month though. The rostering department is improving its output for sure. No set days-on days-off though. Days off partly assigned in advance (upto 3 months) partly at the publication of next month's roster. Standby duties average about 4-10 per month, possibly an airport standby included.
Q6. In training I believe you get standard F/O or Captains pay including nightstop allowance and sectorpay.
Hope this solves your questions.
In general though, if short on hours, there is a payscale for S/O's, too!